Emberi hasonmások
“Ha nem tudnám, hogy nem én vagyok, azt mondanám, én vagyok!” – mondja Eliot elképedve, amikor meglátja a rá megszólalásig hasonlító kő gazdag megbízójáról készült fotókat a nagy sikerű Nincs kettő négy nélkül című Terence Hill – Bud Spencer filmben.
Hihetetlennek tűnő, mégis valós jelenség a film alapja, miszerint az embernek létezhet hasonmása valahol a világban. De hogyan lehetséges ez?
Örökítő anyagunk, az úgynevezett genomunk a testünk valamennyi információját tartalmazza – többek között a külső jegyeink adatait is, mint a bőr- és szemszínt, az arcszerkezetet, az orrformát stb. Ha más emberek genomjával összehasonlítjuk a sajátunkat, azt tapasztaljuk, hogy kb. 3-4 millió kisebb-nagyobb különbség van közöttük: ezek a genetikai eltérések felelősek az emberek közötti különbségek nagy részéért.
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- Egy férfi genomja
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- Robert Stirling (balra) angol köztisztviselő és Neil Douglas (jobbra) skót esküvői fotós, akik véletlenül egymás mellé ültek a repülőn
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- Jessica Chastain (balra) és Bryce Dallas Howard (jobbra) amerikai színésznők
Elsőre soknak tűnhet ez a szám, de ha mellévesszük, hogy egy genom több mint 3 milliárd kis alkotórészből áll, akkor ez kicsit leegyszerűsítve azt jelenti, hogy X ember genomja csak kb. ezredrészben különbözik Y-étól. Vagyis több mint 99%-ban megegyezik minden ember genomja, és csak egy nagyon kis darabka genetikai információ tesz mindenkit egyedivé. Mivel több milliárdnyi ember él a világon, matematikailag rendkívül nagy az esély arra, hogy egyes emberek genetikai felépítése a szokásosnál is hasonlóbbra sikerüljön, akik így külsőleg szinte megszólalásig hasonlíthatnak egymásra, miközben rokoni kapcsolat nem áll fenn köztük.
Nem kell nagyon messzire menni: ismert emberek között több ilyen hasonmáspárt felfedeztek már: pl. Chad Smith, a Red Hot Chili Peppers rockegyüttes dobosa és Will Ferrell amerikai színész, Jessica Chastain és Bryce Dallas Howard amerikai színésznők, vagy Logan Marshall-Green amerikai és Tom Hardy brit színészek.
Ijesztő, de ugyanakkor izgalmas is belegondolni, hogy a világon létezhet egy vagy akár több olyan ember, aki kísértetiesen hasonlít ránk. Ha bármikor az utcán vagy egy üzletben úgy éreznénk magunkat egy másik embert meglátva, mintha tükörbe néznénk, nos, akkor nem biztos, hogy csak a szemünk káprázik…
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